2011年職稱英語(yǔ)技巧：如何準(zhǔn)確把握文章段落大意

　　所謂“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆”。其實(shí)，只要我們了解并熟悉了英語(yǔ)文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，準(zhǔn)確把握文章的段落大意就不是什么難事了。下面我們列舉職稱英語(yǔ)教材上面的幾段話來(lái)剖析英語(yǔ)文章中段落的結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　(一)【主題句段首型】

　　According to news reports， US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter outs a plate of food in front of each customer， with two to four times the amount recommended by the government， according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quality with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little。

　　本段共有四句話，該段的結(jié)構(gòu)是明顯的總分結(jié)構(gòu)，它的主題句是段落的第一句，美國(guó)的餐廳應(yīng)為人們不斷增大的肚子受到一定程度的指責(zé)。而后面的三句話則舉例子：服務(wù)員為客人提供過(guò)多的事物，這樣客人對(duì)餐廳的評(píng)價(jià)就會(huì)更高，一次來(lái)說(shuō)明本段的主題：美國(guó)餐廳應(yīng)受指責(zé)。

　　值得注意的是，在職稱英語(yǔ)考試中，這一類型的考題出現(xiàn)頻率相比之下要高得多。

　　(二)【主題句段中型】

　　The vegetable and fruit and flower merchants are surrounded by baskets of purple eggplants， green peppers， strings of tiny silvery onions， heads of bitter Indian spinach， and a dozen Indian vegetables for which I don’t even know the English names. I had forgotten about the profusion of fruit in India—it is only during the brief intense summer that you see much variety of fruit in Moscow. In Russia， as winter approaches all vegetables except for potatoes and the pervasive cabbage in soup seem to disappear from the menus。

　　本段共三句話，第一句列舉印度菜市場(chǎng)上蔬菜水果品種繁多的景象，以此引出主題句我已經(jīng)忘記了只有在莫斯科的夏天才能看到的品種多樣豐富的水果，而第三句話也是對(duì)主題句的又一個(gè)列舉。

　　(三)【主題句段尾型】

　　People live in cities today think that meat is something that comes warped in cellophane from the supermarket， potatoes come by the pound in plastic or paper bags， and feather grows in hats. The city dwellers’’ views are quite different from the views of their ancestors， who knew that meat is hunted down in the forest， potatoes are planted and weeded， and inky birds can produce feathers. Yet， whether people today realize it or not， they are still as dependent on animals and plants for their existence as their ancestors were。